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上一篇文章给大家分享了Android蓝牙的基础知识和基础用法#xff0c;不过上一篇都是一些零散碎片化的程序#xff0c;这一篇给大家分享Android蓝牙开发实战项目的初步使用 效果演示 : Android蓝牙搜索#xff0c;配对#xff0c;连接#xff0c;通信 Android蓝牙实…前言
上一篇文章给大家分享了Android蓝牙的基础知识和基础用法不过上一篇都是一些零散碎片化的程序这一篇给大家分享Android蓝牙开发实战项目的初步使用 效果演示 : Android蓝牙搜索配对连接通信 Android蓝牙实战开发步骤 1.新建Android项目添加蓝牙权限 下图所示MyBluetoothDemo为刚刚创建的Android空项目我们现在清单文件中把我们需要用到的权限声明一下其中定位权限还需要做动态申请 2.封装BluetoothAdapter类 BluetoothAdapter类提供了常用的蓝牙API我这里创建了一个BlueToothController类小编这里是先将这些API封装到了一个BlueToothController类中方便后续使用和操作
package com.example.mybluetoothdemo;import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class BlueToothController {private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;public BlueToothController(){//初始化蓝牙适配器mBluetoothAdapter BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();}public BluetoothAdapter getBluetoothAdapter() {return mBluetoothAdapter;}/*** 检查设备是否支持蓝牙*/public boolean isBluetoothSupport(){if(mBluetoothAdapter null){return false;}else {return true;}}/*** 检查该设备蓝牙是否开启*/public boolean isBluetoothEnabled(){if(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){return true;}else {return false;}}/*** 打开蓝牙*/SuppressLint(MissingPermission)public void turnOnBlueTooth(Activity activity, int requestCode) {Intent intent new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);activity.startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode);}/*** 打开蓝牙可见性*/SuppressLint(MissingPermission)public void enableVisibily(Context context){Intent intent new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,300);context.startActivity(intent);}/*** 停止查找设备*/SuppressLint(MissingPermission)public void cancelFindDevice(){mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();}/*** 判断当前设备是否在查找蓝牙设备*/SuppressLint(MissingPermission)public boolean isStartDiscovering(){if(mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){return true;}else {return false;}}/*** 判断当前设备是否未在查找蓝牙设备*/SuppressLint(MissingPermission)public boolean isCancelDiscovering(){if(!mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){return true;}else {return false;}}/*** 查找设备*/SuppressLint(MissingPermission)public void findDevice() {mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();}/*** 获取已绑定设备*/SuppressLint(MissingPermission)public ListBluetoothDevice getBondedDeviceList(){return new ArrayList(mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices());}/*** 判断蓝牙是否连接*/SuppressLint(MissingPermission)public boolean isConnectBlue(BluetoothSocket bluetoothSocket){return bluetoothSocket !null bluetoothSocket.isConnected();}
} 3. 编写UI页面 activity_main.xml这是我们MainActivity的UI放置了一个ListView和一个按钮ListView用来显示搜索到的蓝牙设备和已配对的蓝牙设备Button控件用来与连接后的设备发送信息时使用
?xml version1.0 encodingutf-8?
RelativeLayout xmlns:androidhttp://schemas.android.com/apk/res/androidandroid:layout_widthmatch_parentandroid:layout_heightmatch_parentandroid:paddingLeft16.dpandroid:paddingRight16.dpandroid:paddingBottom16.dpListViewandroid:idid/device_listandroid:layout_widthmatch_parentandroid:layout_heightmatch_parentandroid:divider#e90423android:dividerHeight1px/ListViewButtonandroid:idid/btn_write_1android:layout_widthwrap_contentandroid:layout_heightwrap_contentandroid:layout_alignParentRighttrueandroid:layout_alignParentBottomtrueandroid:text发送消息//RelativeLayout 既然有了ListView那就一定有ListView的每条子元素UI新建list_item.xml
list_item.xml: 用来显示ListView列表的子内容
?xml version1.0 encodingutf-8?
LinearLayout xmlns:androidhttp://schemas.android.com/apk/res/androidandroid:layout_widthmatch_parentandroid:orientationhorizontalandroid:layout_heightwrap_contentLinearLayoutandroid:layout_widthmatch_parentandroid:layout_heightmatch_parentandroid:orientationverticalTextView android:idid/text1android:layout_widthmatch_parentandroid:layout_heightwrap_contentandroid:textStyleboldandroid:textSize18sp/TextView android:idid/text3android:layout_widthmatch_parentandroid:layout_heightwrap_contentandroid:textSize13sp//LinearLayout/LinearLayout 然后我们再为页面右上角写一个menu列表按钮新建menu_main.xml
menu_main.xml:
menu xmlns:androidhttp://schemas.android.com/apk/res/androidxmlns:toolshttp://schemas.android.com/toolstools:context.MainActivity itemandroid:idid/is_bluetooth_supportandroid:titlestring/is_bluetooth_supportandroid:orderInCategory1 /itemandroid:idid/is_bluetooth_enabledandroid:titlestring/is_bluetooth_enabledandroid:orderInCategory2 /itemandroid:idid/bonded_deviceandroid:titlestring/bonded_deviceandroid:orderInCategory2 /itemandroid:idid/find_deviceandroid:titlestring/find_deviceandroid:orderInCategory3 //menu 最后再为大家分享一下string.xml字符串配置信息 4. 蓝牙列表适配器 创建DeviceAdapter类具体如下图所示
package com.example.mybluetoothdemo;import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;import java.util.List;public class DeviceAdapter extends BaseAdapter{private ListBluetoothDevice mData;private Context mContext;public DeviceAdapter(ListBluetoothDevice data, Context context){mData data;mContext context.getApplicationContext();}Overridepublic int getCount() {return mData.size();}Overridepublic Object getItem(int i) {return mData.get(i);}Overridepublic long getItemId(int i) {return i;}SuppressLint(MissingPermission)Overridepublic View getView(int i, View view, ViewGroup viewGroup) {View itemView view;//复用view优化性能if(itemView null){itemView LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.list_item, viewGroup,false);}TextView text1 itemView.findViewById(R.id.text1);TextView text2 itemView.findViewById(R.id.text3);text1.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);text2.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);//获取对应的蓝牙设备BluetoothDevice device (BluetoothDevice) getItem(i);//显示设备名称if(device.getName()null){text1.setText(N/A);}else {text1.setText(device.getName());}//显示设备地址text2.setText(device.getAddress());return itemView;}//刷新列表防止搜索结果重复出现public void refresh(ListBluetoothDevice data){mData data;notifyDataSetChanged();}}5. 蓝牙搜索配对连接通信 小编这里为了让大家方便便将搜索配对连接都写在了MainActivity中了
package com.example.mybluetoothdemo;import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.Manifest;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private final String TAG yf;private BlueToothController blueToothController new BlueToothController();private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT 1;private ListView listView;private DeviceAdapter blueToothDeviceAdapter,bondBlueToothDeviceAdapter;private ListBluetoothDevice deviceList new ArrayList();private ListBluetoothDevice bondedDeviceList new ArrayList();private BluetoothDevice device;private BluetoothGatt bluetoothGatt;Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);initUI();//判断是否有访问位置的权限没有权限直接申请位置权限isPermission();registerBluetoothReceiver();}SuppressLint(MissingPermission)private void initUI(){listView findViewById(R.id.device_list);blueToothDeviceAdapter new DeviceAdapter(deviceList,this);bondBlueToothDeviceAdapter new DeviceAdapter(bondedDeviceList,this);findViewById(R.id.btn_write_1).setOnClickListener(view - {if (null mWriter){Log.e(cx12345,ble发送失败null writer !!!!);}else {mWriter.setValue(new byte[]{(byte)0x0c,(byte)0x11,(byte)0x09,(byte)0x41,(byte)0x23,(byte)0x00,(byte)0x01,(byte)0x03,(byte)0xFF});mGatt.writeCharacteristic(mWriter);}});}Overridepublic boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main,menu);return true;}SuppressLint(MissingPermission)Overridepublic boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {int id item.getItemId();switch (id){case R.id.is_bluetooth_support:if (blueToothController.isBluetoothSupport()){Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, 该设备支持蓝牙功能, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}else {Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, 该设备不支持蓝牙功能, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}break;case R.id.is_bluetooth_enabled:if (blueToothController.isBluetoothEnabled()){Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, 蓝牙已开启, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}else {blueToothController.turnOnBlueTooth(this,REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);}break;case R.id.bonded_device:setTitle(已配对的设备);bondedDeviceList blueToothController.getBondedDeviceList();listView.setAdapter(bondBlueToothDeviceAdapter);bondBlueToothDeviceAdapter.refresh(bondedDeviceList);break;case R.id.find_device:setTitle(可用设备);if(blueToothController.isStartDiscovering()){blueToothController.cancelFindDevice();}blueToothController.findDevice();
// blueToothController.getBluetoothAdapter().startLeScan(leScanCallback);listView.setAdapter(blueToothDeviceAdapter);blueToothDeviceAdapter.refresh(deviceList);listView.setOnItemClickListener(deviceBluetooth);break;default:break;}return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);}private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener deviceBluetooth new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {SuppressLint(MissingPermission)public void onItemClick(AdapterView? adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {device deviceList.get(i);if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {//蓝牙绑定
// device.createBond();//Gatt协议连接蓝牙bluetoothGatt device.connectGatt(MainActivity.this,true,mGattCallback);bluetoothGatt.connect();}}};//动态获取位置权限private void isPermission(){if ((checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) ! PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)|| (checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) ! PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, 200);}}SuppressLint(MissingPermission)Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();// 停止设备搜索blueToothController.getBluetoothAdapter().cancelDiscovery();//注销广播unregisterReceiver(receiver);}private void registerBluetoothReceiver(){//filter注册广播接收器IntentFilter filter new IntentFilter();//蓝牙当前状态filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);//开始扫描蓝牙设备广播filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);//找到蓝牙设备广播filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);//扫描蓝牙设备结束广播filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);//蓝牙设备配对状态改变广播filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);//设备扫描模式改变广播filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED);registerReceiver(receiver, filter);}//处理找到蓝牙设备和搜索完成的广播消息BroadcastReceiver receiver new BroadcastReceiver() {SuppressLint(MissingPermission)Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {String action intent.getAction();//开始查找设备if(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)){//初始化适配器列表deviceList.clear();bondedDeviceList.clear();blueToothDeviceAdapter.refresh(deviceList);bondBlueToothDeviceAdapter.refresh((bondedDeviceList));}//找到蓝牙设备else if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)){//搜到蓝牙设备BluetoothDevice device intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);//把搜索到的设备添加到已找到列表中显示它的信息deviceList.add(device);blueToothDeviceAdapter.refresh(deviceList);}//查找设备结束else if(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)){//搜索完毕Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, 选择要配对的蓝牙设备, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();blueToothDeviceAdapter.refresh(deviceList);}//配对状态else if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)){BluetoothDevice device intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);if(device null){Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, 无设备, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();return;}int state intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE,0);if(state BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED){Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, 已配对, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}else if(state BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING){Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, 正在配对, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}else if(state BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE){Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, 未配对, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}}}};private BluetoothGatt mGatt;private BluetoothGattCharacteristic mWriter;/*** param gatt 返回连接建立的gatt对象* param status 返回的是此次gatt操作的结果成功了返回0* param newState 每次client连接或断开连接状态变化* STATE_CONNECTED 0* STATE_CONNECTING 1,* STATE_DISCONNECTED 2,* STATE_DISCONNECTING 3*/private BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback new BluetoothGattCallback() {SuppressLint(MissingPermission)Overridepublic void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {//连接成功if(newState BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED){//进行服务发现gatt.discoverServices();Log.d(TAG,连接成功);}else if(newState BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED){//连接断开处理断开逻辑Log.d(TAG,连接断开);}}SuppressLint(MissingPermission)Overridepublic void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {Log.d(TAG,onServicesDiscovered : status gatt.toString());//发现服务成功处理服务和特征值if(status BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS){//发送消息mGatt gatt;BluetoothGattService service gatt.getService(UUID.fromString(0000180a-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB));mWriter service.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString(00002ad9-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB));//打开消息通知mGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(mWriter,true);BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor mWriter.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb));descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);mGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);}else {Log.d(TAG,发现服务失败);}}Overridepublic void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {Log.e(TAG,onCharacteristicRead status);//读取特征成功处理特征值if(status BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS){}}Overridepublic void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {Log.e(TAG,onCharacteristicWrite status);//写入特征成功if(status BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS){Log.d(TAG,发送成功);}else {Log.d(TAG,发送失败);}}Overridepublic void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {//接收到数据byte[] data characteristic.getValue();//处理接收到的数据Log.d(TAG,Received data: bytesToHexFun2(data));}Overridepublic void onDescriptorRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) {super.onDescriptorRead(gatt, descriptor, status);}Overridepublic void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) {super.onDescriptorWrite(gatt, descriptor, status);}Overridepublic void onReliableWriteCompleted(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {super.onReliableWriteCompleted(gatt, status);}Overridepublic void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {super.onReadRemoteRssi(gatt, rssi, status);}Overridepublic void onMtuChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, int mtu, int status) {super.onMtuChanged(gatt, mtu, status);}Overridepublic void onServiceChanged(NonNull BluetoothGatt gatt) {super.onServiceChanged(gatt);}Overridepublic void onPhyUpdate(BluetoothGatt gatt, int txPhy, int rxPhy, int status) {super.onPhyUpdate(gatt, txPhy, rxPhy, status);}Overridepublic void onPhyRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, int txPhy, int rxPhy, int status) {super.onPhyRead(gatt, txPhy, rxPhy, status);}};private char[] HEX_CHAR {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, a, b, c, d, e, f};private String bytesToHexFun2(byte[] bytes) {char[] buf new char[bytes.length * 2];int index 0;for(byte b : bytes) { // 利用位运算进行转换可以看作方法一的变种buf[index] HEX_CHAR[b 4 0xf];buf[index] HEX_CHAR[b 0xf];}return new String(buf);}} 到此为止我们的程序就到这里了蓝牙搜索配对连接通信便已经成功实现了大家可以把代码copy一下拿去运行具体效果演示图在文章最上方大家还想了解更多关于Android蓝牙开发的可以继续看我下一篇给大家的分享
