整站网站优化,外贸管理网站模板,wordpress 干扰码插件,松江团购做网站Action的要求• 必须是一个公有方法• 必须返回ActionResult类型• 必须是实例方法• 不能是范型方法• 没有标注NonActionAttribute• 不能被重载#xff08;overload#xff09; Controller 提供了众多的方法让我们返回各种类型的 ActionResult。 1. View最常用的一种… Action的要求• 必须是一个公有方法• 必须返回ActionResult类型• 必须是实例方法• 不能是范型方法• 没有标注NonActionAttribute• 不能被重载overload Controller 提供了众多的方法让我们返回各种类型的 ActionResult。 1. View最常用的一种用于返回一个 标准 页面。 protected internal virtual ViewResult View(string viewName, string masterName, object model){ if (model ! null) { base.ViewData.Model model; } return new ViewResult { ViewName viewName, MasterName masterName, ViewData base.ViewData, TempData base.TempData };}public class ViewResult : ViewResultBase{ protected override ViewEngineResult FindView(ControllerContext context) { ViewEngineResult result ViewEngineCollection.FindView(context, ViewName, MasterName); if (result.View ! null) { return result; } ... }} 这个页面默认是 ViewPage也可以是我们自己定义的其它模板引擎页面。MVC 还提供了强类型的 ViewPageTModel。 public class User{ public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; }}public class TestController : Controller{ public ActionResult Index() { ViewData[message] Hello, World!; var model new User { Name Tom, Age 13 }; return View(model); }} Index.aspx % Page LanguageC# InheritsSystem.Web.Mvc.ViewPageLearn.MVC.Controllers.User %html xmlnshttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtmlhead runatserver titleIndex/title/headbody Name: % Model.Name %; Age: % Model.Age %/body/html 在 WebForm 时代我们就已经习惯了将一个页面分解成多个 UserControl现在我们依然可以这么做。htmlHelper 专门提供了 RenderPartial 扩展方法从当前视图目录(Views\xxx)下载入 .ascx 页面。 public static class RenderPartialExtensions{ public static void RenderPartial(this HtmlHelper htmlHelper, partialViewName, model, viewData) { htmlHelper.RenderPartialInternal(partialViewName, viewData, model, ViewEngines.Engines); }}public class HtmlHelper{ internal virtual void RenderPartialInternal(string partialViewName, ViewDataDictionary viewData, object model, ViewEngineCollection viewEngineCollection) { ... ViewDataDictionary newViewData null; if (model null) { if (viewData null) newViewData new ViewDataDictionary(ViewData); else newViewData new ViewDataDictionary(viewData); } else { if (viewData null) newViewData new ViewDataDictionary(model); else newViewData new ViewDataDictionary(viewData) { Model model }; } ViewContext newViewContext new ViewContext(ViewContext, ViewContext.View, newViewData, ViewContext.TempData); IView view FindPartialView(newViewContext, partialViewName, viewEngineCollection); view.Render(newViewContext, ViewContext.HttpContext.Response.Output); } internal static IView FindPartialView(viewContext, partialViewName, viewEngineCollection) { ViewEngineResult result viewEngineCollection.FindPartialView(viewContext, partialViewName); if (result.View ! null) { return result.View; } ... }} RenderPartialInternal 调用 FindParitialView 从视图引擎中载入 .ascx同时将当前的环境参数传递给它。也就是说 RenderPartial 只是一种视图级别的行为并不会再次触发 Controller Action 操作这点要和 Controller.PartialView() 区别开来。Index.aspx % Page LanguageC# InheritsSystem.Web.Mvc.ViewPageLearn.MVC.Controllers.User %html xmlnshttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtmlhead runatserver titleIndex/title/headbody Name: % Model.Name %; Age: % Model.Age % br / % Html.RenderPartial(Part); %/body/html Part.ascx % Control LanguageC# InheritsSystem.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControlLearn.MVC.Controllers.User %% ViewData[message] % br /% Model.Name % 2. ContentContent 用于输出(Response.Write) 静态 片段。 protected internal virtual ContentResult Content(content, contentType, contentEncoding){ return new ContentResult { Content content, ContentType contentType, ContentEncoding contentEncoding };}public class ContentResult : ActionResult{ public string Content { get; set; } public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context) { ... HttpResponseBase response context.HttpContext.Response; if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(ContentType)) { response.ContentType ContentType; } if (ContentEncoding ! null) { response.ContentEncoding ContentEncoding; } if (Content ! null) { response.Write(Content); } }} 看看和 jQuery 的配合使用。 public class TestController : Controller{ public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } public ActionResult Part() { return Content(a href\http://www.rainsts.net\Q.yuhen/a); }} Index.aspx % Page LanguageC# InheritsSystem.Web.Mvc.ViewPage %html xmlnshttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtmlhead runatserver titleIndex/title script srchttp://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/jquery-1.3.1.min.js typetext/javascript/script script typetext/javascript $(function() { $(#div1).load(/test/part); }); /script/headbody div iddiv1 /div/body/html 3. PartialViewController.PartialView() 和 HtmlHelper.RenderPartial() 的不同之处在于前者是再次执行 ActionInvoke 并返回一个 ActionResult 结果后者只是使用现有的 ViewContext 显示一个视图片段。而与 Controller.Content() 的区别是 PartialView() 使用视图引擎输出一个 动态 的 ascx 结果。 protected internal virtual PartialViewResult PartialView(string viewName, object model){ if (model ! null) { ViewData.Model model; } return new PartialViewResult { ViewName viewName, ViewData ViewData, TempData TempData };}public class PartialViewResult : ViewResultBase{ protected override ViewEngineResult FindView(ControllerContext context) { ViewEngineResult result ViewEngineCollection.FindPartialView(context, ViewName); if (result.View ! null) { return result; } ... }} 和 Content() 一样我们通常将其和 jQuery 等 Ajax 框架配合使用。 public class TestController : Controller{ public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } public ActionResult Part() { ViewData[time] DateTime.Now; var model new User { Name Tom, Age 13 }; return PartialView(model); }} Index.aspx % Page LanguageC# InheritsSystem.Web.Mvc.ViewPage %html xmlnshttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtmlhead runatserver titleIndex/title script srchttp://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/jquery-1.3.1.min.js typetext/javascript/script script typetext/javascript $(function() { $(#div1).load(/test/part); }); /script/headbody div iddiv1 /div/body/html Part.ascx % Control LanguageC# InheritsSystem.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControlLearn.MVC.Controllers.User %% ViewData[time] % br /% Model.Name %; % Model.Age % 4. Redirect / RedirectToAction / RedirectToRouteController 提供了几种方式让我们在不同的 Action 之间进行跳转。 public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication{ public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { ... routes.MapRoute ( Test2, Test/T2/{name}/{age}, new { controller Test, action T2, name , age 0 } ); ... }} 方法1: Redirect() 直接用 Response.Redirect() 完成 url 跳转。 public class TestController : Controller{ public ActionResult Index() { return Redirect(/Test/T2/Tom/23); } public ActionResult T2(User user) { return Content(user.Name); }} 相关细节 protected internal virtual RedirectResult Redirect(string url){ ... return new RedirectResult(url);}public class RedirectResult : ActionResult{ public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context) { ... string destinationUrl UrlHelper.Content(Url, context.HttpContext); context.HttpContext.Response.Redirect(destinationUrl, false /* endResponse */); }} 方法2: RedirectToAction() 直接使用 Action Name 进行跳转。 public class TestController : Controller{ public ActionResult Index() { return RedirectToAction(T2, new { name Tom, age 23 }); } public ActionResult T2(User user) { return Content(user.Name); }} 如果目标 Action 不在当前 Controller 类则可以指定目标 Controller Name。 return RedirectToAction(T2, new { controllerTest2, name Tom, age 23 }); 相关细节 protected internal virtual RedirectToRouteResult RedirectToAction(string actionName, string controllerName, RouteValueDictionary routeValues){ RouteValueDictionary mergedRouteValues; if (RouteData null) { mergedRouteValues RouteValuesHelpers.MergeRouteValues(actionName, controllerName, null, routeValues, true /* includeImplicitMvcValues */); } else { mergedRouteValues RouteValuesHelpers.MergeRouteValues(actionName, controllerName, RouteData.Values, routeValues, true /* includeImplicitMvcValues */); } return new RedirectToRouteResult(mergedRouteValues);}public class RedirectToRouteResult : ActionResult{ public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context) { ... string destinationUrl UrlHelper.GenerateUrl(RouteName, null /* actionName */, null /* controllerName */, RouteValues, Routes, context.RequestContext, false /* includeImplicitMvcValues */); ... context.HttpContext.Response.Redirect(destinationUrl, false /* endResponse */); }} 可以看到 RedirectToRouteResult.ExecuteResult 中使用 Route 相关信息拼接成目标 Url 后进行跳转。方法3:RedirectToRoute() 则是直接用 MapRoute 时定义的 Route Name 进行跳转。 public class TestController : Controller{ public ActionResult Index() { return RedirectToRoute(Test2, new { name Tom, age 23 }); }} 相关细节 protected internal virtual RedirectToRouteResult RedirectToRoute(string routeName, RouteValueDictionary routeValues){ return new RedirectToRouteResult(routeName, RouteValuesHelpers.GetRouteValues(routeValues));} 执行过程和 RedirectToAction() 相同。5. JsonJson() 在编写 Ajax 时非常有用可以将 Entity 等对象序列化成 JSON 格式供 Javascript 使用。 public class TestController : Controller{ public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } public ActionResult GetUser(string name) { var user new User { Name name, Age 23 }; return Json(user); }} Index.aspx % Page LanguageC# InheritsSystem.Web.Mvc.ViewPage %html xmlnshttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtmlhead runatserver titleIndex/title script srchttp://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/jquery-1.3.1.min.js typetext/javascript/script script typetext/javascript $(function() { $(#btnTest).click(function() { $.getJSON ( /Test/GetUser, { name: Tom }, function(json) { alert(json.Name ; json.Age); } ); }); }); /script/headbody input typebutton idbtnTest valueTest //body/html 很好用不是吗看看相关细节。 protected internal virtual JsonResult Json(object data, string contentType, Encoding contentEncoding){ return new JsonResult { Data data, ContentType contentType, ContentEncoding contentEncoding };}public class JsonResult : ActionResult{ public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context) { ... if (Data ! null) { JavaScriptSerializer serializer new JavaScriptSerializer(); response.Write(serializer.Serialize(Data)); } }} 使用 System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer 完成 JSON 序列化操作也就是说我们还可以用 ScriptIgnoreAttribute 排除某些属性。6. Javascript某些时候我们需要根据一些逻辑判断来载入执行不同的 Javascript 代码。 public class TestController : Controller{ public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } public ActionResult GetJs(int id) { switch (id) { case 1: return JavaScript(alert(Hello, C#!);); case 2: return JavaScript(alert(Hello, MVC!);); default: return null; } }} Index.aspx % Page LanguageC# InheritsSystem.Web.Mvc.ViewPage %html xmlnshttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtmlhead runatserver titleIndex/title script srchttp://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/jquery-1.3.1.min.js typetext/javascript/script script typetext/javascript $(function() { $(#btnTest).click(function() { var id $(#txtId).val(); $.getScript(/Test/GetJs/ id); }); }); /script/headbody input typetext idtxtId value1 / input typebutton idbtnTest valueTest //body/html 只是这种做法似乎将 View 和 Controller 的耦合加大了…… 还不如直接用 Javascript 来处理这些。 protected internal virtual JavaScriptResult JavaScript(string script){ return new JavaScriptResult { Script script };}public class JavaScriptResult : ActionResult{ public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context) { ... HttpResponseBase response context.HttpContext.Response; response.ContentType application/x-javascript; if (Script ! null) { response.Write(Script); } }} 7. File (Download / Upload)File() 提供了 Download 功能。 public class TestController : Controller{ public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } public ActionResult Download(int id) { var filename String.Format(~/Content/Download/{0}.rar, id); var fileDownloadName String.Format({0}.rar, id); return File(filename, application/octet-stream, fileDownloadName); }} 当我们在浏览器请求 /Test/Download/1 是就会打开下载窗口同时给出了保存文件名。 protected internal virtual FileContentResult File(byte[] fileContents, contentType, fileDownloadName){ return new FileContentResult(fileContents, contentType) { FileDownloadName fileDownloadName };}public abstract class FileResult : ActionResult{ public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context) { ... HttpResponseBase response context.HttpContext.Response; response.ContentType ContentType; ... WriteFile(response); } protected abstract void WriteFile(HttpResponseBase response);}public class FileContentResult : FileResult{ protected override void WriteFile(HttpResponseBase response) { response.OutputStream.Write(FileContents, 0, FileContents.Length); }} 文件上传是另一个常用的 Web 应用。 public class TestController : Controller{ public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } public ActionResult Upload(HttpPostedFileBase file) { var filename Server.MapPath(~/Content/Upload/ Path.GetFileName(file.FileName)); file.SaveAs(filename); return null; }} Index.aspx % Page LanguageC# InheritsSystem.Web.Mvc.ViewPage %html xmlnshttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtmlhead runatserver titleIndex/title/headbody form action/Test/Upload enctypemultipart/form-data methodpost input typefile namefile / input typesubmit nameupload / /form/body/html MVC 提供了一个 HttpPostedFileBaseModelBinder 将 Request.Files 的信息直接映射给 Action 同名参数。 public class HttpPostedFileBaseModelBinder : IModelBinder{ public object BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext) { ... HttpPostedFileBase theFile controllerContext.HttpContext.Request.Files[bindingContext.ModelName]; // case 1: there was no input typefile ... / element in the post if (theFile null) { return null; } // case 2: there was an input typefile ... / element in the post, but it was left blank if (theFile.ContentLength 0 String.IsNullOrEmpty(theFile.FileName)) { return null; } // case 3: the file was posted return theFile; }} 看看一次上传多个文件的演示。 public class TestController : Controller{ public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } public ActionResult Upload(HttpPostedFileBase file1, HttpPostedFileBase file2) { var html String.Format({0}:{1}br /{2}:{3}, file1.FileName, file1.InputStream.Length, file2.FileName, file2.InputStream.Length); return Content(html); }} Index.aspx % Page LanguageC# InheritsSystem.Web.Mvc.ViewPage %html xmlnshttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtmlhead runatserver titleIndex/title/headbody form action/Test/Upload enctypemultipart/form-data methodpost input typefile namefile1 / input typefile namefile2 / input typesubmit nameupload / /form/body/html 我们上边所看到的Action都是return View();我们可以看作这个返回值用于解析一个aspx文件。而它的返回类型是ActionResult如 public ActionResult Index(){return View();} 除了View之外那我们这里还能用于返回什么值呢 一、ascx页面 场景要返回代码片断比如Ajax返回一个子页 我们先新建一个Action public ActionResult Ascx(){return PartialView();} 我们下面再建一个View仍然是在Action中点右键AddView。 注意图中勾选。 于是新建了一个ascx页我们将之少做改写一下 % Control LanguageC# InheritsSystem.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl %div
得到一个DIV
/div 运行得到页面 二、返回文本 除了上述情况有时我们还会仅返回一段文本。 此时我们可以使用以下Action形式 public ActionResult Text(){return Content(这是一段文本);} 三、返回Json 有时我们在调用Ajax时还会要求返回对象为Json序列化的结果如 public ActionResult ShowJson(){var m new EiceIndexModel{Name 邹健,Sex true};return Json(m);} 返回文本 {Name:邹健,Sex:true} 四、输出JS文件 大多时候js文件都是静态的但有时js文件可能也要动态生成这时我们可以这样输出 public ActionResult Js(){return JavaScript(var x0;);} 我们访问之得到一个正常页面但其Content-Typeapplication/x-javascript; charsetutf-8 五、页面跳转 1.跳转到Url public ActionResult rdurl(){return Redirect(http://www.baidu.com);} 2.跳转到Action public ActionResult rdaction(){return RedirectToAction(Index,Eice);} 3.跳转到Routing规则 public ActionResult rdrouting(){return RedirectToRoute(Default,//Route名new{Controller Eice,Action Index});} 六、显示文件 public ActionResult fn(){return File(/Content/site.css//文件路径, text/css//文件类型);} 转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xumingming/archive/2009/09/22/1571510.html
