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Ubuntu自带python
Debian安装python
安装 pip
库列表
安装第三方库
使用国内镜像站
实装 tkinter 库
编写运行代码
测试代码1
1. 创建项目
2. 创建源码文件
3. 写入源代码
4. 修改权限
5. 运行代码
测试代码2 本文的使用环境是Windows的Linux 子系统详见Windows 使用 Linux 子系统-CSDN
Ubuntu自带python
20.04版本中包含了Python3.8.10但不包含pip安装工具。 hannHannYang:~$ python Command python not found, did you mean: command python3 from deb python3 command python from deb python-is-python3 hannHannYang:~$ python3Python 3.8.10 (default, May 26 2023, 14:05:08) [GCC 9.4.0] on linux Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. Debian安装python
不所有linux都自带python比如Debian就不带python需要自己安装。
安装命令$ sudo apt-get install python3 hannHannYang:~$ sudo apt-get install python3 [sudo] password for hann: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following additional packages will be installed: ca-certificates libexpat1 libnsl2 libpython3-stdlib libpython3.11-minimal libpython3.11-stdlib libsqlite3-0 media-types openssl python3-minimal python3.11 python3.11-minimal Suggested packages: python3-doc python3-tk python3-venv python3.11-venv python3.11-doc binutils binfmt-support The following NEW packages will be installed: ca-certificates libexpat1 libnsl2 libpython3-stdlib libpython3.11-minimal libpython3.11-stdlib libsqlite3-0 media-types openssl python3 python3-minimal python3.11 python3.11-minimal 0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 7,879 kB of archives. After this operation, 26.7 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 libpython3.11-minimal amd64 3.11.2-6 [813 kB] Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 libexpat1 amd64 2.5.0-1 [99.3 kB] Get:3 ...... ......略...... Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs... 0 added, 0 removed; done. Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d... done. hannHannYang:~$ python3Python 3.11.2 (main, Mar 13 2023, 12:18:29) [GCC 12.2.0] on linux Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. 安装 pip 安装命令 $ sudo apt install python3-pip hannHannYang:~$ sudo apt install python3-pip Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential dpkg-dev fakeroot g g-9 gcc gcc-9 ...... 略 ...... After this operation, 199 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [1613 kB] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [3376 B] Get:3 ... ...... 略 ...... Setting up python3-dev (3.8.2-0ubuntu2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.9) ... 库列表
列表命令 $ pip list
hannHannYang:~$ pip list Package Version ---------------------- -------------------- attrs 19.3.0 Automat 0.8.0 blinker 1.4 certifi 2019.11.28 chardet 3.0.4 Click 7.0 cloud-init 23.2.1 colorama 0.4.3 command-not-found 0.3 configobj 5.0.6 constantly 15.1.0 cryptography 2.8 cupshelpers 1.0 dbus-python 1.2.16 defer 1.0.6 distro 1.4.0 distro-info 0.23ubuntu1 entrypoints 0.3 httplib2 0.14.0 hyperlink 19.0.0 idna 2.8 importlib-metadata 1.5.0 incremental 16.10.1 Jinja2 2.10.1 jsonpatch 1.22 jsonpointer 2.0 jsonschema 3.2.0 keyring 18.0.1 language-selector 0.1 launchpadlib 1.10.13 lazr.restfulclient 0.14.2 lazr.uri 1.0.3 macaroonbakery 1.3.1 MarkupSafe 1.1.0 more-itertools 4.2.0 netifaces 0.10.4 oauthlib 3.1.0 pexpect 4.6.0 pip 20.0.2 protobuf 3.6.1 psutil 5.5.1 pyasn1 0.4.2 pyasn1-modules 0.2.1 pycairo 1.16.2 pycups 1.9.73 PyGObject 3.36.0 PyHamcrest 1.9.0 PyJWT 1.7.1 pymacaroons 0.13.0 PyNaCl 1.3.0 pyOpenSSL 19.0.0 pyRFC3339 1.1 pyrsistent 0.15.5 pyserial 3.4 python-apt 2.0.1ubuntu0.20.4.1 python-debian 0.1.36ubuntu1.1 pytz 2019.3 pyxdg 0.26 PyYAML 5.3.1 requests 2.22.0 requests-unixsocket 0.2.0 SecretStorage 2.3.1 service-identity 18.1.0 setuptools 45.2.0 simplejson 3.16.0 six 1.14.0 sos 4.4 ssh-import-id 5.10 systemd-python 234 Twisted 18.9.0 ubuntu-advantage-tools 8001 ufw 0.36 unattended-upgrades 0.1 urllib3 1.25.8 wadllib 1.3.3 wheel 0.34.2 zipp 1.0.0 zope.interface 4.7.1
安装第三方库
安装命令 $ pip install numpy
hannHannYang:~$ pip install numpy Collecting numpy Downloading numpy-1.24.4-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (17.3 MB) |████████████████████████████████| 17.3 MB 39 kB/s Installing collected packages: numpy Successfully installed numpy-1.24.4
国外服务下载速度极慢速度显示在30到300 kB/s之间跳动。
使用国内镜像站
比如使用清华镜像秒装
$ pip install numpy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
实装 tkinter 库
不像windows版本的python3已自带tkinter库ubantu python3需要自己安装。
安装命令$ sudo apt-get install python-tk
编写运行代码
测试代码1
1. 创建项目
比如在根目录下建一个python子目录
hannHannYang:~$ mkdir python
hannHannYang:~$ cd python
2. 创建源码文件
比如test.py
hannHannYang:~/python$ touch test.py
hannHannYang:~/python$ ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 hann hann 4096 Aug 5 13:40 ./
drwxr-xr-x 22 hann hann 4096 Aug 5 13:38 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 hann hann 0 Aug 5 13:40 test.py
3. 写入源代码
注意一定要在首行标记解释程序的所在位置 #!/usr/bin/python3
hannHannYang:~/python$ echo #!/usr/bin/python3 test.py
hannHannYang:~/python$ echo print(Hello, python) test.py
hannHannYang:~/python$ more ./test.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
print(Hello, python)
hannHannYang:~/python$ ll
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 hann hann 4096 Aug 5 13:40 ./
drwxr-xr-x 22 hann hann 4096 Aug 5 13:38 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 hann hann 43 Aug 5 13:42 test.py
4. 修改权限
把默认的文件权限-rw-r--r--修改为-rwxr-xr-x
hannHannYang:~/python$ chmod x test.py
hannHannYang:~/python$ ll
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 hann hann 4096 Aug 5 13:40 ./
drwxr-xr-x 22 hann hann 4096 Aug 5 13:38 ../
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hann hann 43 Aug 5 13:42 test.py*
5. 运行代码
hannHannYang:~/python$ ./test.py
Hello, python
测试代码2
再找一个稍微复杂点进行测试如对链表进行插入排序 插入排序的动画演示如上。从第一个元素开始该链表可以被认为已经部分排序用黑色表示。 每次迭代时从输入数据中移除一个元素用红色表示并原地将其插入到已排好序的链表中。
插入排序算法
插入排序是迭代的每次只移动一个元素直到所有元素可以形成一个有序的输出列表。 每次迭代中插入排序只从输入数据中移除一个待排序的元素找到它在序列中适当的位置并将其插入。 重复直到所有输入数据插入完为止。
示例 1
输入: 4-2-1-3 输出: 1-2-3-4
示例 2
输入: -1-5-3-4-0 输出: -1-0-3-4-5
操作过程
hannHannYang:~/python$ touch test2.py
hannHannYang:~/python$ chmod x test2.py
hannHannYang:~/python$ vi test2.py
hannHannYang:~/python$ ./test2.py
4-2-1-3-nill
1-2-3-4-nill
-1-5-3-4-0-nill
-1-0-3-4-5-nill
其中用 vi 编辑test2.py时直接复制粘贴以下代码
#!/usr/bin/python3class ListNode:def __init__(self, val0, nextNone):self.val valself.next nextdef insertionSortList(head: ListNode) - ListNode:dummy ListNode(float(-inf), head)tail dummycur headwhile cur:if tail.val cur.val:# 若链表尾节点值小于等于当前节点不需要移动tail.next curtail curcur cur.nextelse:# 在已排序部分找到插入位置prev dummywhile prev.next.val cur.val:prev prev.next# 插入节点tail.next cur.nextcur.next prev.nextprev.next curcur tail.nextreturn dummy.nextdef createList(lst):head ListNode(lst[0])p headfor i in lst[1:]:node ListNode(i)p.next nodep p.nextreturn headdef traversalList(head):while head:print(head.val, end-)head head.nextprint(nill)#%%
lst1 [4, 2, 1, 3]
lst2 [-1, 5, 3, 4, 0]head1 createList(lst1)
traversalList(head1)
sorted_head1 insertionSortList(head1)
traversalList(sorted_head1)head2 createList(lst2)
traversalList(head2)
sorted_head2 insertionSortList(head2)
traversalList(sorted_head2)exit↙
