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基于已有容器创建镜像
Dockerfile构建SSHD镜像
构建镜像
测试容器 可以登陆
Dockerfile构建httpd镜像
构建镜像
测试容器 Dockerfile构建nginx镜像
构建镜像 概述#xff1a;
Docker 镜像是Docker容器技术中的核心#xff0c;也是应用打包构建发布的标准格式。…目录
基于已有容器创建镜像
Dockerfile构建SSHD镜像
构建镜像
测试容器 可以登陆
Dockerfile构建httpd镜像
构建镜像
测试容器 Dockerfile构建nginx镜像
构建镜像 概述
Docker 镜像是Docker容器技术中的核心也是应用打包构建发布的标准格式。一个完整的镜像可以支撑多个容器的运行在Docker的整个使用过程中进入一个已经定型的容器之后就可以在容器中进行操作最常见的操作就是在容器中安装应用服务。
如果想要把已经安装的服务容器进行迁移就需要把环境以及部署的服务生成新的镜像。
程序打包方式
打包成Tar包打包成rpm包打包成镜像
构建方式
1、基于已有的容器创建镜像
2、基于本地模板创建镜像
3、基于Dockerfile创建镜像
基于已有容器创建镜像
基于现有镜像创建主要使用 docker commit 命令即把一个容器里面运行的程序以及该程序的运行环境打包起来生成新的镜像。
命令格式
docker commit [选项] 容器ID/名称 仓库名称:[标签]
常用选项
-m 说明信息-a 作者信息-p 生成过程中停止容器的运行。
首先启动一个镜像在容器里做相应的修改然后将修改后的容器提交为新的镜像。需要记住该容器的ID号。 [rootlocalhost ~]# cat centos-7-x86_64.tar.gz |docker import - centos:7 sha256:790d0b6eb9de3d7ba8df7d91a54d236b381f4800ac751205a1fb6b77cc0c7efd [rootlocalhost sshd]# docker run -it centos:7 /bin/bash WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work. [rootd80919f3c00c /]# ls bin dev fastboot lib lostfound mnt proc run srv tmp var boot etc home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr [rootd80919f3c00c /]# touch lifenghai 创建测试文件 [rootd80919f3c00c /]# ls bin dev fastboot lib lifenghai media opt root sbin sys usr boot etc home lib64 lostfound mnt proc run srv tmp var [rootd80919f3c00c /]# exit exit [rootlocalhost sshd]# docker commit -m crushlinux test images -a crushlinux d80919f3c00c centos7:ddd 该命令的意思是将容器ID为d80919f3c00c 的容器的更改保存为名为centos7:new的新镜像并指定了提交消息为crushlinux test images作者为crushlinux。 sha256:595d590702ffc0ca7e23f11f552266c924261c5966f7634de96ba7dfe6a547c3 [rootlocalhost sshd]# docker images centos7:ddd REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos7 ddd 595d590702ff 25 seconds ago 589 MB [rootlocalhost sshd]# docker run -it centos7:ddd /bin/bash WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work. [root14ad9a706c54 /]# ls bin dev fastboot lib lifenghai media opt root sbin sys usr boot etc home lib64 lostfound mnt proc run srv tmp var 这是一个Docker命令用于将一个容器的更改保存为新的镜像。具体解释如下 docker commitDocker命令用于提交容器的更改。-m crushlinux test images使用-m参数指定提交的消息这里是crushlinux test images。-a crushlinux使用-a参数指定作者这里是crushlinux。d281f905fb30容器的ID或名称表示要提交更改的容器。centos7:new新镜像的名称和标签这里是centos7:new。 因此该命令的意思是将容器ID为d281f905fb30的容器的更改保存为名为centos7:new的新镜像并指定了提交消息为crushlinux test images作者为crushlinux。 Dockerfile构建SSHD镜像 关闭防火墙规则 iptables -F setenforce 0 systemctl stop firewalld 修改配置 [rootlocalhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager nameserver 8.8.8.8 search localdomain 创建备用目录 [rootlocalhost ~]# mkdir sshd 获取密钥 [rootlocalhost ~]# ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory /root/.ssh. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:6j2zE3PzgNt4sQdpeR0BUSO4NCrtnissqN4xHJZVoLE rootlocalhost.localdomain The keys randomart image is: ---[RSA 2048]---- | . ... .o | | . ... | | E . . o o . | | o . o . . | | oS. o . . | | o . . X . . | | ... X O | | o .o.O o | |oo . ...B . | ----[SHA256]----- 拷贝文件 [rootlocalhost ~]# cp .ssh/id_rsa.pub sshd/ [rootlocalhost ~]# cd sshd/ [rootlocalhost ~]# ll 总用量 591996 -rw-------. 1 root root 1415 7月 31 19:02 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 221692852 7月 17 2020 centos-7-x86_64.tar.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 238594048 7月 31 14:26 centos-exp -rw-------. 1 root root 145905152 7月 31 14:36 nginx-images drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 47 8月 2 13:57 sshd 导入镜像 [rootlocalhost ~]# cat centos-7-x86_64.tar.gz |docker import - centos:7 sha256:790d0b6eb9de3d7ba8df7d91a54d236b381f4800ac751205a1fb6b77cc0c7efd 编写Dockerfile文件 [rootlocalhost sshd]# vim Dockerfile #基于的基础镜像 FROM centos:7 #镜像作者信息 MAINTAINER Crushlinux crushlinux163.com #镜像执行的命令 RUN yum -y install openssh-server net-tools openssh-devel lsof telnet RUN sed -i s/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g /etc/ssh/sshd_config RUN ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key ADD id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys #定义时区 RUN ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime #开启 22 端口 EXPOSE 22 #启动容器时执行指令 CMD [/usr/sbin/sshd , -D] ~ ~ 重启 [rootlocalhost sshd]# systemctl restart network [rootlocalhost sshd]# systemctl restart docker 构建镜像
[rootlocalhost sshd]# docker build -t sshd:new .Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.584 kBStep 1/9 : FROM centos:7--- 790d0b6eb9deStep 2/9 : MAINTAINER Crushlinux crushlinux163.com--- Using cache--- f5d4ad40d1dfStep 3/9 : RUN yum -y install openssh-server net-tools openssh-devel lsof telnet--- Running in bdb9cc0dfb6cLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorDetermining fastest mirrors* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn* extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cnNo package openssh-devel available.Resolving Dependencies-- Running transaction check--- Package lsof.x86_64 0:4.87-4.el7 will be updated--- Package lsof.x86_64 0:4.87-6.el7 will be an update--- Package net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 will be installed--- Package openssh-server.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-25.el7_2 will be updated--- Package openssh-server.x86_64 0:7.4p1-22.el7_9 will be an update-- Processing Dependency: openssh 7.4p1-22.el7_9 for package: openssh-server-7.4p1-22.el7_9.x86_64-- Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.10(OPENSSL_1.0.2)(64bit) for package: openssh-server-7.4p1-22.el7_9.x86_64--- Package telnet.x86_64 1:0.17-59.el7 will be updated--- Package telnet.x86_64 1:0.17-66.el7 will be an update-- Running transaction check--- Package openssh.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-25.el7_2 will be updated-- Processing Dependency: openssh 6.6.1p1-25.el7_2 for package: openssh-clients-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64--- Package openssh.x86_64 0:7.4p1-22.el7_9 will be an update--- Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5 will be updated-- Processing Dependency: openssl-libs(x86-64) 1:1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5 for package: 1:openssl-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5.x86_64--- Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9 will be an update-- Running transaction check--- Package openssh-clients.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-25.el7_2 will be updated--- Package openssh-clients.x86_64 0:7.4p1-22.el7_9 will be an update--- Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5 will be updated--- Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9 will be an update-- Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies ResolvedPackage Arch Version Repository SizeInstalling:net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 base 306 kUpdating:lsof x86_64 4.87-6.el7 base 331 kopenssh-server x86_64 7.4p1-22.el7_9 updates 459 ktelnet x86_64 1:0.17-66.el7 updates 64 kUpdating for dependencies:openssh x86_64 7.4p1-22.el7_9 updates 510 kopenssh-clients x86_64 7.4p1-22.el7_9 updates 655 kopenssl x86_64 1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9 updates 494 kopenssl-libs x86_64 1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9 updates 1.2 MTransaction SummaryInstall 1 PackageUpgrade 3 Packages (4 Dependent packages)Total download size: 4.0 MDownloading packages:Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEYPublic key for lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installedPublic key for openssh-server-7.4p1-22.el7_9.x86_64.rpm is not installedImporting GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:Userid : CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) securitycentos.orgFingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5Package : centos-release-7-2.1511.el7.centos.2.10.x86_64 (installed)From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 622 kB/s | 4.0 MB 00:06 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transactionUpdating : 1:openssl-libs-1.0.2k-26.el7_9.x86_64 1/15Updating : openssh-7.4p1-22.el7_9.x86_64 2/15Updating : openssh-server-7.4p1-22.el7_9.x86_64 3/15warning: /etc/ssh/sshd_config created as /etc/ssh/sshd_config.rpmnewUpdating : openssh-clients-7.4p1-22.el7_9.x86_64 4/15Updating : 1:openssl-1.0.2k-26.el7_9.x86_64 5/15Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 6/15Updating : lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64 7/15Updating : 1:telnet-0.17-66.el7.x86_64 8/15Cleanup : openssh-clients-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64 9/15Cleanup : openssh-server-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64 10/15Cleanup : openssh-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64 11/15Cleanup : 1:openssl-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5.x86_64 12/15Cleanup : 1:openssl-libs-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5.x86_64 13/15Cleanup : lsof-4.87-4.el7.x86_64 14/15Cleanup : 1:telnet-0.17-59.el7.x86_64 15/15Verifying : 1:telnet-0.17-66.el7.x86_64 1/15Verifying : openssh-server-7.4p1-22.el7_9.x86_64 2/15Verifying : 1:openssl-libs-1.0.2k-26.el7_9.x86_64 3/15Verifying : lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64 4/15Verifying : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 5/15Verifying : openssh-clients-7.4p1-22.el7_9.x86_64 6/15Verifying : openssh-7.4p1-22.el7_9.x86_64 7/15Verifying : 1:openssl-1.0.2k-26.el7_9.x86_64 8/15Verifying : 1:telnet-0.17-59.el7.x86_64 9/15Verifying : openssh-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64 10/15Verifying : 1:openssl-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5.x86_64 11/15Verifying : openssh-server-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64 12/15Verifying : openssh-clients-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64 13/15Verifying : lsof-4.87-4.el7.x86_64 14/15Verifying : 1:openssl-libs-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5.x86_64 15/15Installed:net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 Updated:lsof.x86_64 0:4.87-6.el7 openssh-server.x86_64 0:7.4p1-22.el7_9 telnet.x86_64 1:0.17-66.el7 Dependency Updated:openssh.x86_64 0:7.4p1-22.el7_9 openssh-clients.x86_64 0:7.4p1-22.el7_9 openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9 openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9 Complete!--- 4d1711b1891cRemoving intermediate container bdb9cc0dfb6cStep 4/9 : RUN sed -i s/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g /etc/ssh/sshd_config--- Running in c6bcc01f445e--- 20b01ccf2a71Removing intermediate container c6bcc01f445eStep 5/9 : RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key--- Running in 8d573e2d3e45Generating public/private rsa key pair.Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub.The key fingerprint is:SHA256:Q9t9zoZ4iE/eCmeKuyUqmUt1IRvPo34wrWN5wbo8ypE rootbdb9cc0dfb6cThe keys randomart image is:---[RSA 2048]----| || || o . . || * o o . || oo S . . . || ooo. o o || Eo.*.. * o || oB.o O o . || *o. .. |----[SHA256]-----Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: --- 14dd7eb2256fRemoving intermediate container 8d573e2d3e45Step 6/9 : ADD id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys--- 99984eb1e50eRemoving intermediate container 369022575e01Step 7/9 : RUN ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime--- Running in b0056bbc027e--- 950f0c260a79Removing intermediate container b0056bbc027eStep 8/9 : EXPOSE 22--- Running in 190b29e65718--- c6a476cb31b4Removing intermediate container 190b29e65718Step 9/9 : CMD /usr/sbin/sshd -D--- Running in 0b76956add3a--- a600eb2f7badRemoving intermediate container 0b76956add3aSuccessfully built a600eb2f7bad
测试容器 可以登陆 [rootlocalhost sshd]# docker images sshd:new REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE sshd new a600eb2f7bad 3 minutes ago 821 MB [rootlocalhost sshd]# docker run -d -p 2222:22 --name sshd-test --restartalways sshd:new 61a2bbb409288f6d1e0c95dfe8ef9b732b77bcd35129972700d181fefa08631e [rootlocalhost sshd]# ssh localhost -p 2222 The authenticity of host [localhost]:2222 ([::1]:2222) cant be established. RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Q9t9zoZ4iE/eCmeKuyUqmUt1IRvPo34wrWN5wbo8ypE. RSA key fingerprint is MD5:1e:97:2c:02:4d:35:1e:3f:68:a0:30:9c:cc:53:a2:cf. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added [localhost]:2222 (RSA) to the list of known hosts. [root61a2bbb40928 ~]# [root61a2bbb40928 ~]# exit 登出 Connection to localhost closed. Dockerfile构建httpd镜像 创建工作目录 [rootlocalhost ~]# mkdir httpd [rootlocalhost ~]# cd httpd/ 编写Dockerfile文件 [rootlocalhost httpd]# vim Dockerfile [rootlocalhost httpd]# cat Dockerfile FROM centos:7 MAINTAINER hhh hhh163.com RUN yum -y install httpd RUN echo crushlinux /var/www/html/index.html RUN ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime EXPOSE 80 CMD [httpd,-DFOREGROUND] 构建镜像 [rootlocalhost httpd]# docker build -t httpd:new . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB Step 1/7 : FROM centos:7 --- 790d0b6eb9de Step 2/7 : MAINTAINER hhh hhh163.com --- Using cache --- 25eef094ceba Step 3/7 : RUN yum -y install httpd --- Running in 8324e3b4b5c7 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies -- Running transaction check --- Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-40.el7.centos.1 will be updated --- Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 will be an update -- Processing Dependency: httpd-tools 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1. -- Running transaction check --- Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-40.el7.centos.1 will be updated --- Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 will be an update -- Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved Package Arch Version Repository Size Updating: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 updates 2.7 M Updating for dependencies: httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 updates 94 k Transaction Summary Upgrade 1 Package (1 Dependent package) Total download size: 2.8 M Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. Public key for httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm is not installed warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.6 MB/s | 2.8 MB 00:01 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5: Userid : CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) securitycentos.org Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5 Package : centos-release-7-2.1511.el7.centos.2.10.x86_64 (installed) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 1/4 Updating : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 2/4 Cleanup : httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.1.x86_64 3/4 Cleanup : httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.1.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.1.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.1.x86_64 4/4 Updated: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 Dependency Updated: httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 Complete! --- 2214fb4006c9 Removing intermediate container 8324e3b4b5c7 Step 4/7 : RUN echo crushlinux /var/www/html/index.html --- Running in badb364c7e55 --- a9b433c350e4 Removing intermediate container badb364c7e55 Step 5/7 : RUN ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime --- Running in d0081e48aa43 --- ffaf678f3cfc Removing intermediate container d0081e48aa43 Step 6/7 : EXPOSE 80 --- Running in 3bd620f29826 --- 89d665eda838 Removing intermediate container 3bd620f29826 Step 7/7 : CMD httpd -DFOREGROUND --- Running in 2dea705ece43 --- 7f5e5dc62d40 Removing intermediate container 2dea705ece43 Successfully built 7f5e5dc62d40 查看 [rootlocalhost httpd]# docker images httpd REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE httpd new 7f5e5dc62d40 2 minutes ago 819 MB 测试容器 [rootlocalhost httpd]# docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name httpd-test --restartalways httpd:new 90bc8641fbefdf722c5d5842931d776bcbef0a6766c66f3fbc92d966d5752460 Dockerfile构建nginx镜像
建立工作目录 [rootlocalhost ~]# mkdir nginx [rootlocalhost ~]# cd nginx 编写Dockerfile文件 [rootlocalhost nginx]# vim run.sh [rootlocalhost nginx]# cat run.sh #!/bin/bash /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [rootlocalhost nginx]# cat Dockerfile #基于的基础镜像 FROM centos:7 #镜像作者信息 MAINTAINER hhh hhh163.com #安装相关依赖包 RUN yum install -y wget proc-devel net-tools gcc zlib zlib-devel make openssl-devel #下载并解压nginx源码包 RUN wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz tar zxf nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz #编译安装nginx RUN cd nginx-1.19.0 ./configure --prefix/usr/local/nginx make make install #开启 80 和 443 端口 EXPOSE 80 #修改 Nginx 配置文件,以非 daemon 方式启动 RUN echo daemon off;/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #定义时区 RUN ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime #复制服务启动脚本并设置权限 ADD run.sh /run.sh RUN chmod 775 /run.sh #启动容器时执行脚本 CMD [/run.sh] 构建镜像
[rootlocalhost nginx]# docker build -t nginx:new
